UNDP Human Development Report 2025 · 2023 Estimates
Inequality-Adjusted Human Development
The IHDI "discounts" each country's average HDI score by the actual inequality within its population — across health, education, and income. The gap between HDI and IHDI is the measurable cost of inequality.
54 countries analysed 1990–2023 historical series UNDP 2025 HDR
0.923
Highest IHDI
Iceland — 5.0% loss
0.341
Lowest IHDI
Nigeria — 37.8% loss
20.4%
Avg total loss
across 54 countries
28.7%
Avg income ineq.
largest driver globally
12.6%
Avg education ineq.
highest variance dimension
13.5%
Avg health ineq.
life expectancy distribution
63.0
Highest Gini
South Africa
24.1
Lowest Gini
Slovakia
Section 01
Inequality decomposition by dimension
Each Atkinson A value represents the proportional loss from inequality in that dimension. Bars are scaled to the worst case (60%). Sort and filter to reveal patterns.
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Health inequality (life expectancy)
Education inequality (schooling years)
Income inequality (GNI distribution)
#
Country
HDI
IHDI
Dimension breakdown
Health %
Edu %
Income %
Total loss
Gini
Section 02
Gini vs IHDI loss — the inequality correlation
Each bubble is a country. Bubble size = IHDI value. X-axis = Gini coefficient (income concentration). Y-axis = overall IHDI loss %. The strong positive correlation shows Gini is a reliable predictor of total human development loss.
Color by
Label
Section 03
IHDI trends 2010 – 2023
Historical IHDI and HDI values from published HDR reports. Select countries to compare trajectories. Click a spark card to highlight in the main chart.
Metric
Cluster
Section 04
World IHDI map — 2023
Choropleth of IHDI values. Darker = lower IHDI (higher effective inequality). Hover for details.
Map variable
Section 05
IHDI projection model
Simulate what IHDI would look like under different inequality scenarios. Adjust the three Atkinson A values (health, education, income inequality) and the HDI baseline. The model applies the official UNDP formula: IHDI = (I*_H × I*_E × I*_I)^(1/3) where each I*_x = I_x × (1−A_x).
Projected IHDI vs Scenario Range
Blue = current loss components locked in. Orange = income inequality varied ±20pp. The projection band shows sensitivity.
Dimension contribution to total loss
How much of the overall HDI discount comes from each dimension.
Scenario parameters
Presets:
—
Projected IHDI
Comparable countries
—
Section 06
Complete dataset — all 54 countries
All IHDI components from the 2025 Human Development Report. Click column headers to sort. All values are 2023 estimates.